According to our work, there are six alternative types of business models that manufacturing SMEs can follow. These business models can ‘co-exist’ in the same organisation, meaning that the SME might be following different business models in its different lines of business.
The business models definitions emphasize the role of digital technologies in creating, capturing and delivering value from integrated product-service offerings.
A Pure Product business model involves the production and sale of a standalone ‘physical’ product. No services associated with the product (e.g., maintenance), or services that support the customer(s) (e.g., customer helpdesk, training) are provided by the organization.
A ‘just’ Servitized business model involves the provision of services that accompany a ‘physical’ product, but digital technologies have little or no role to play in enabling these services.
See below for definitions for the four digital servitization business models that manufacturing SMEs can adopt.
An ‘Add-on’ business model involves the use of digital technologies to enable additional functions or add customised services to an existing physical product or service. Here, technology embedded in the product, such as sensors, actuators, software and connectivity components, enables the provision of digital features such as software applications or services; for example, continuous or on-demand access to information, feedback or reports. These features help the customer make their use of the product, or their processes, more efficient.
The 'platform' business model involves the provision and management of a digital platform that enables customers to access to the SME’s product or service, or facilitates the exchange of products, services and information between providers and customers. It aims to create value for all parties, by, for example, optimising asset utilisation or making processes more efficient.
A ‘Solution-oriented’ business model involves the use of digital technologies to provide a contractually agreed outcome to a specific customer, such as a certain level of continuous utilisation and uninterrupted usage, or performance of the product. Here digital technology allows the SME to access real-time information on the product’s status or pattern of its operation, in order to offer more effective maintenance, repair and operational support services to ensure the agreed outcome, and in extension, to optimise a core process of the customer.
The 'platform' business model involves the provision and management of a digital platform that enables customers to access to the SME’s product or service, or facilitates the exchange of products, services and information between providers and customers. It aims to create value for all parties, by, for example, optimising asset utilisation or making processes more efficient.
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